Linguistic

Phonology is the study of how sound are organized and used in natural languages.
The Phonologycal system of a language includes
- an inventory of sound and their features.
-rules which specify how sounds interactwith each other.
Phonolgy adalah bagian dari ilmu bahasa yang  mempelajari tata bunyi dan cara menghasilkan merupakan bagian penting dari suara  atau bunyi di dalam pengucapan bahasa. Perbedaan Phonology dan phonetik yaitu phonology mempelajari tentang pengucapan bunyi sedangkan Phonetik adalah sebagai hasil dari pengucapan bunyi yang berbentuk suara dan digunakan sebagai alat komunikasi.
Fungsi Phonology
-Untuk mengetahui perubahan bunyi pada suatu kata
-Mempelajari cara kerja organ tubuh manusia terutama yang berhubungan dengan penggunaan bahasa
-Mempelajari tentang proses pembentukan bunyi ,penyampaian atau pengucapannya.

contoh:

1.       Bilabials : menggunakan bibir contoh B , P

2.       Labiodentals : bibir bawah dan gigi contoh v, f

3.       Dental : menggunakan gigi , contoh : 0 seret tengah ( bath ) voiceless

4.       Alveolars : menggunakan lidah dan gusi, contoh : t,d,s,z

5.       Palatals : menggunakan langit-langit, contoh : “sh” pada shoot

6.       Velars : menggunakan lebih kebelakang / mundur dari langit-langit, contoh : k,g

7.       Glottals  menggunakan ruang dan tanpa menggunakan lidah ataupun bibir

Cara mengartikulasi ada 6 dalam B.inggris :

1.       Stop : stop airstream then letting it go abruptly. Example : ten ; voiceless alveoral stop

2.       Fricatives : combination of a brief stopping of the airstream with an obstructedrelease which causes some friction

3.       Nasals : the velum is lowered and the airstream is allowed to flow out through the nose to produce [m], [n]

4.       Liquids : formed by letting the airstream flow around the sides of the tongue as the tip of the tongue makes contact with the middle of the alveolar ridge. Example : L, R

5.       Glides ( menggilinding ) : produced with the tongue in motion to or from the position of a vowel and sometimes are semi-vowel. Example : W,J Bo”y”

6.       Vowel : produced with a relatively free flow of air

Perbedaan antara vowel sound dan consonant sound

Vowel : tongue, lack of construction, more soundneress, nucleous

Consonant : 7 place of articulation, lack of construction, lack of soundneress, not nucleous

Diphthongs : a kind of vowel which show a change of quality in singel syllabel (suku kata ) contoh :  buy (aj), cow (aw), boy (oj) boy

phonetics

Phonetic  adalah satu ilmu dari linguistik mempelajari bunyi bahasa yang di produksi oleh manusia. dan bagaimana sesuatu bunyi yang dihasilkan  secara betul.
Untuk mengucapkan bahasa Inggris kita dapat mempelajari ilmu fonetik bahasa Inggris. Cara tersingkat adalah dengan kita membaca petunjuk phonetic symbol pada kamus. Sebenarnya setiap kamus standar telah memiliki informasi atau penjelasan yang memadai mengenai bagaimana kata-kata yang ada di dalamnya diucapkan. Biasanya dalam bab-bab yang membahas tentang pengucapan, penulis atau pengarang kamus telah menyediakan sebuah daftar simbol untuk membantu pelajar bahasa Inggris menghasilkan suara kata-kata bahasa Inggris yang termuat di dalam kamus itu. Simbol-simbol ini disebut the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). atau sederhananya disebut Phonetic Symbols.

Beberapa cabang ilmu phonetics

- Acoustic: The study of the physical property of the sounds themselves.

- Auditory: The study of the way listeners perceive these sounds.

- Articulatory: The study of how the vocal tract produces the sounds of language.

Berikut contoh phonetic symbols dalam bahasa Inggris

Consonants p pen, copy, happen b back, baby, job t tea, tight, button d day, ladder, odd k key, clock, school g get, giggle, ghost tʃ church, match, nature dʒ judge, age, soldier f fat, coffee, rough, photo v view, heavy, move θ thing, author, path ð this, other, smooth s soon, cease, sister z zero, music, roses, buzz ʃ ship, sure, national ʒ pleasure, vision h hot, whole, ahead m more, hammer, sum n nice, know, funny, sun ŋ ring, anger, thanks, sung l light, valley, feel r right, wrong, sorry, arrange j yet, use, beauty, few w wet, one, when, queen ʔ (glottal stop) department, football

Vowels ɪ kit, bid, hymn, minute e dress, bed, head, many æ trap, bad, cat ɒ lot, odd, wash ʌ strut, mud, love, blood ʊ foot, good, put iː fleece, sea, machine eɪ face, day, break aɪ price, high, try ɔɪ choice, boy uː goose, two, blue, group əʊ goat, show, no aʊ mouth, now ɪə near, here, weary eə square. fair, various ɑː start, father ɔː thought, law, north, war ʊə poor, jury, cure ɜː nurse, stir, learn, refer ə about, common, standard i happy, radiate. glorious u thank you, influence, situation n̩ suddenly, cotton l̩ middle, metal ˈ (stress mark)

Berikut ini contoh phonetic symbols dalam bahasa Inggris berikut.

Consonants p pen, copy, happen b back, baby, job t tea, tight, button d day, ladder, odd k key, clock, school g get, giggle, ghost tʃ church, match, nature dʒ judge, age, soldier f fat, coffee, rough, photo v view, heavy, move θ thing, author, path ð this, other, smooth s soon, cease, sister z zero, music, roses, buzz ʃ ship, sure, national ʒ pleasure, vision h hot, whole, ahead m more, hammer, sum n nice, know, funny, sun ŋ ring, anger, thanks, sung l light, valley, feel r right, wrong, sorry, arrange j yet, use, beauty, few w wet, one, when, queen ʔ (glottal stop) department, football

Vowels ɪ kit, bid, hymn, minute e dress, bed, head, many æ trap, bad, cat ɒ lot, odd, wash ʌ strut, mud, love, blood ʊ foot, good, put iː fleece, sea, machine eɪ face, day, break aɪ price, high, try ɔɪ choice, boy uː goose, two, blue, group əʊ goat, show, no aʊ mouth, now ɪə near, here, weary eə square. fair, various ɑː start, father ɔː thought, law, north, war ʊə poor, jury, cure ɜː nurse, stir, learn, refer ə about, common, standard i happy, radiate. glorious u thank you, influence, situation n̩ suddenly, cotton l̩ middle, metal ˈ (stress mark)

About Me

hai, my name Jepta Sitohang
I was born April 27, 1973 at Baringin, North Sumatera.
I live on Harapan Jaya street, Payung sekaki, Pekanbaru.
I am 42 years old, already old? yes
Now, I am study in Universitas Lancang Kuning
I think "never say late to late learn"
I choose study at UNILAK because, it's better for me, then near with  my house..
I have been married 1994 after I met a man who loved me, he was my teacher during senior high school, and also loved him because, he is responsible and commanding.
Looked his photo his mole exactly with Rano Karno hehe....hehehe

I have 4 childrens, txo sons and two daughters. oldest my son six semesters in UR, the second my daughter, now she is grade three at one senior high school and the third  my daughter is grade one at one senior high school, they are study at the same school. And the youngest my son is grade two in four junior high school.
My family always give me spirit every day.